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| Drug Update... |
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Anti-Infective Therapy Two new broad-spectrum quinolones were introduced in 1999 : Moxifloxacin and Gatifloxacin. They appear to be valuable alternatives for patients with gram-positive or gram-negative respiratory infections including acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, acute sinusitis, and mild-to-moderate community acquired pneumonia. Gatifloxacin is also indicated in complicated and uncomplicated urinary tract infections, uncomplicated gonorrhoea and pyelonephritis. Quinupristin/dalfopristin an injectable antibiotic belonging to a novel class of drugs called the streptogramins was introduced last year. It has a broad-spectrum of activity against gram-positive, gram-negative and intracellular strains of bacteria including many resistant to B-lactams, macrolodes, quinolones and glycoproteins. The most significant feature of streptogramins is that they consist of two structurally unrelated components that act by inhibiting protein synthesis in a synergistic fashion. Quinupristin/dalfopristin is indicated fro the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections, clinically significant infections due to Enterococcus faecium, blood stream infections due to vancomycin resistant E. faecium, and skin and skin structure infections caused by methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. Amantadine and Rimantadine were the only two anti-viral agents available till recently to treat influenza. The influenza enzyme neuraminidase, which is one of the two glycoproteins expressed on the virion surface is a valid target for antiviral therapy. The introduction of neuraminidase inhibitors; Zanamavir (dry powder inhaler) and Oseltamivir (capsule), represents a significant advance in the treatment of influenza. Both are indicated in uncomplicated acute illness due to influenza virus. Treatment has to be initiated within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms. |
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